Pushers are another method of product transfer, best suited to cartons and products with solid sides and a low centre of gravity. Depending upon design, product transfer using a pusher can maintain or alter product orientation by 90°. A ‘T’ pusher achieves a 90° transfer, a ‘Z’ pusher achieves a lane change whilst maintaining product orientation. Cycle times are approximately the same as 90° transfers and therefore not suited to high speed applications. Pusher actuation is achieved via a standard or rodless pneumatic cylinder. Some pusher designs act to push a single product whilst providing a stop for subsequent products. Pushers are generally a cheaper, but a somewhat limited, alternative to a 90° transfer. Pushers can cause belt tracking issues with flat belt conveyors.